Question
A case-control study design was used to investigate the effect of soda drinking on the development of pancreatic cancer. The hypothetical data from that study are as follows:
All Participants
| ||
Cancer
|
No Cancer
| |
Soda
|
689
|
360
|
No Soda
|
311
|
714
|
A. Calculate the appropriate measure of association and provide an interpretation of the result.
B. The researcher was interested in the effect of smoking on the relationship between soda consumption and the development of pancreatic cancers, so the following stratification was performed:
Smokers
|
Non Smokers
| |||||
Cancer
|
No Cancer
|
Cancer
|
No Cancer
| |||
Soda
|
660
|
264
|
Soda
|
29
|
96
| |
No Soda
|
110
|
46
|
No Soda
|
201
|
668
| |
Calculate the appropriate measure of association and provide an interpretation of the results
C. Does smoking confound the effect of soda consumption on the development of pancreatic cancer? Explain the relationship between the variables and the direction of the confounding.
D. Next, the researcher decided to evaluate the role of smoking in the development of pancreatic cancer for all participants, regardless of their soda drinking status. Fill in the table, and calculate the appropriate measure of effect for these data.
All participants
| ||
Cancer
|
No Cancer
| |
Smokers
| ||
Nonsmokers
| ||
E. To evaluate the smoking-pancreatic relationship for confounding by soda drinking, the researcher decided to stratify by soda consumption. Fill in the tables, and calculate the appropriate measure of effect for these data.
Soda drinkers
|
Soda non-drinkers
| |||||
Cancer
|
No Cancer
|
Cancer
|
No Cancer
| |||
Smokers
|
Smokers
| |||||
Nonsmokers
|
Nonsmokers
| |||||
F. Does soda consumption confound the effect of smoking on the development of pancreatic cancer? Explain.
