Indicate whether the following statements are true or false:
a. Hill's guideline of temporality is more easily established in a prospective than a retrospective study.b. Strong associations are more likely to be causal than weak ones because they are less likely to be due to alternative explanations.
c. A causal relationship between an exposure and a disease cannot be established unless all of Hill's guidelines are met.
d. Hill's guideline of specificity means that an exposure can cause only one disease.
e. Exposure to HIV is a necessary cause of AIDS.
f. Exposure to HIV is a sufficient cause of AIDS.
g. Exposure to cigarette smoke is a necessary cause of lung cancer.
h. Exposure to cigarette smoke is a sufficient cause of lung cancer.
Source: Aschengrau and Seage 3rd Edition (Chapter 15, Q3, pg. 414)
